CABG

Heart Bypass Surgery, also known as Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), is a procedure that involves creating new pathways for blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked coronary arteries with grafts taken from the patient's own arteries and veins. Traditionally, CABG surgery has been performed on a still heart, with the circulatory system managed by a heart-lung machine during the procedure. However, advancements in medical technology have introduced an innovative approach known as Off-Pump Surgery. Off-Pump CABG is a highly advanced procedure where the surgery is performed while the heart continues to beat. This is achieved by utilising sophisticated operating equipment to maintain a controlled environment around the heart. The goal of off-pump surgery is to reduce the risk of complications such as renal failure and stroke, as well as the need for blood transfusion. The decision between on-pump and off-pump CABG is made by your surgeon based on a thorough evaluation of your circulatory system. It is typically determined during the surgery itself, once your surgeon has assessed your specific medical condition and needs.

There are two types of CABGs - Arterial and Vein grafts.

Arterial Grafts -

The arterial grafts are further classified into two major types. These are:

Internal Thoracic Artery: It is a commonly used bypass graft also known as internal mammary arteries (IMA). There are two internal thoracic arteries in the chest that are used for bypass surgery. They are kept intact at the place of origin due to their own supply of oxygen-rich blood. The other side is cut and aligned with the coronary artery below the blockage.
Radial Artery: It is another common type of arterial graft. Before using a radial artery, several tests are administered to make sure it is the best option. A calcium channel blocker medication is prescribed for several months post-surgery to keep the artery open. Numbness in the wrist is often experienced after surgery involving this arterial graft.

Vein Graft –

The veins in the legs that can be used as bypass grafts are called saphenous veins and the procedure is called minimally invasive saphenous vein removal. This type of graft does not require long incisions, rather 1 or 2 small incisions can be made at the knee and a smaller incision at the groin. This has a faster recovery rate and less scarring than other surgical methods. However, these grafts have been found to provide support for comparatively shorter periods of time.

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