Biliary Surgery

Biliary Surgery encompasses a range of procedures aimed at treating conditions affecting the biliary system, which includes the bile ducts, gallbladder, and associated structures. The biliary system plays a crucial role in digesting fats by transporting bile from the liver to the small intestine. Surgery is often required to address problems such as gallstones, tumours, infections, or strictures within this system. The common types of Biliary Surgeries and the procedures involved:

Cholecystectomy
- Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Performed using small incisions and a laparoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera). The surgeon uses special instruments to remove the gallbladder through these small incisions.
- Open Cholecystectomy: Involves a larger incision in the abdomen to remove the gallbladder. It is typically used when laparoscopic techniques are not feasible due to complications or specific patient conditions.
Biliary Reconstruction
- Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy: A segment of the jejunum (part of the small intestine) is connected to the hepatic duct (bile duct from the liver) to bypass an obstructed or damaged bile duct. This procedure is commonly used to manage bile duct injuries or strictures.
- Biliary Duct Repair: Involves repairing a damaged bile duct or replacing it with a graft or other material. This can be done using various techniques depending on the extent and location of the damage.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with Therapeutic Interventions
- ERCP is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to visualize the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.
- An endoscope is passed through the mouth, oesophagus, and stomach into the duodenum, where contrast dye is injected into the bile ducts and pancreas. X-ray images are taken to identify issues such as stones, tumours, or strictures.
Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)
- The Whipple Procedure is a complex surgery often used for pancreatic cancer or other conditions affecting the head of the pancreas.
- It involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, part of the stomach, the gallbladder, and sometimes part of the bile duct. The remaining parts of the digestive tract are then reconnected.
Percutaneous Biliary Drainage
- Percutaneous Biliary Drainage is a minimally invasive procedure used to relieve bile duct obstruction or infection.
- A catheter is inserted through the skin into the bile duct to drain bile. This is often done using imaging guidance such as ultrasound or CT scan.

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